Narcolepsy is often mistaken for depression, epilepsy, the side effects of medications, poor sleeping habits or recreational drug use, making misdiagnosis likely. citation needed While narcolepsy symptoms are often confused with depression, there is a link between the two disorders. Research studies have mixed results on co-occurrence of. – Sudden sleep (also known as narcolepsy) – Wireless Repair – Superdrive / Combo drives repair – Mac OS Upgrade – Data Recovery – Backup configurations (setup and restore) – No internet – Liquid Spill – Windows installation (bootcamp or virtual machine) And virtually any other problem Give us a call!
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Home > Queens College > Publications and Research > 411
Publications and Research
Title
Authors
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2020
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder, and excessive daytime sleepiness is frequently observed in ADHD patients. Excessive daytime sleepiness is also a core symptom of narcolepsy and essential hypersomnia (EHS), which are also heritable conditions. Psychostimulants are effective for the symptomatic control of ADHD (primary recommended intervention) and the two sleep disorders (frequent off-label use). However, the common biological mechanism for these disorders has not been well understood. Using a previously collected genome-wide association study of narcolepsy and EHS, we calculated polygenic risk scores (PRS) for each individual. We investigated a possible genetic association between ADHD and narcolepsy traits in the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for mothers and children (HBC study) (n=876). Gene-set enrichment analyses were used to identify common pathways underlying these disorders. Narcolepsy PRS were significantly associated with ADHD traits both in the hyperactivity domain (e.g.,P-value threshold < 0.05,β[SE], 5.815 [1.774];P=0.002) and inattention domain(e.g.,P-value threshold < 0.05,β[SE], 5.734 [1.761];P=0.004). However, EHS PRS was not significantly associated with either domain of ADHD traits. Gene-set enrichment analyses revealed that pathways related to dopaminergic signaling, immune systems, iron metabolism, and glial cell function involved in both ADHD and narcolepsy. Findings indicate that ADHD and narcolepsy are genetically related, and there are possible common underlying biological mechanisms for this relationship. Future studies replicating these findings would be warranted to elucidate the genetic vulnerability for daytime sleepiness in individuals with ADHD.
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Narcolepsy is a rare long-term brain condition that causes a person to suddenly fall asleep at inappropriate times.
The brain is unable to regulate sleeping and waking patterns normally, which can result in:
- excessive daytime sleepiness – feeling very drowsy throughout the day and finding it difficult to concentrate and stay awake
- sleep attacks – falling asleep suddenly and without warning
- cataplexy – temporary loss of muscle control resulting in weakness and possible collapse, often in response to emotions such as laughter and anger
- sleep paralysis – a temporary inability to move or speak when waking up or falling asleep
- excessive dreaming and waking in the night – dreams often come as you fall asleep (hypnogogic hallucinations) or just before or during waking (hypnopompic hallucinations)
Narcolepsy does not cause serious or long-term physical health problems, but it can have a significant impact on daily life and be difficult to cope with emotionally.
Find out more about the symptoms of narcolepsy.
What causes narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is often caused by a lack of the brain chemical hypocretin (also known as orexin), which regulates wakefulness.
The lack of hypocretin is thought to be caused by the immune system mistakenly attacking the cells that produce it or the receptors that allow it to work.
But this does not explain all cases of narcolepsy, and the exact cause of the problem is often unclear.
Things that have been suggested as possible triggers of narcolepsy include:
- hormonal changes, which can occur during puberty or the menopause
- major psychological stress
- an infection, such as swine flu, or the medicine used to vaccinate against it (Pandemrix)
Find out more about the causes of narcolepsy.
Who's affected
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Narcolepsy is a fairly rare condition. It's difficult to know exactly how many people have narcolepsy because many cases are thought to go unreported.
But it's estimated to affect about 30,000 people in the UK.
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Men and women are thought to be affected equally by narcolepsy, although some studies have suggested the condition may be more common in men.
The symptoms of narcolepsy often begin during adolescence, although it's usually diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 40.
Diagnosing narcolepsy
See a GP if you think you may have narcolepsy. They may ask about your sleeping habits and any other symptoms you have.
They may also carry out tests to help rule out other conditions that could be causing your excessive daytime sleepiness, such as sleep apnoea, restless legs in bed and kicking during sleep, or an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism).
If necessary, you'll be referred to a specialist in sleep disorders, who'll analyse your sleep patterns.
This will usually involve staying overnight in a specialist sleep centre so various aspects of your sleep can be monitored.
Find out more about diagnosing narcolepsy.
Treating narcolepsy
There's currently no cure for narcolepsy, but making changes to improve your sleeping habits and taking medicine can help minimise the impact the condition has on your daily life.
Taking frequent, brief naps evenly spaced throughout the day is one of the best ways to manage excessive daytime drowsiness.
This may be difficult when you're at work or school, but a GP or specialist may be able to devise a sleep schedule that will help you get into a routine of taking naps.
Keeping to a strict bedtime routine can also help, so you should go to bed at the same time each night whenever possible.
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If your symptoms are particularly troublesome, you may be prescribed medicine that can help reduce daytime sleepiness, prevent cataplexy attacks and improve your sleep at night.
These medicines are usually taken as daily tablets, capsules or drinkable solutions.
Find out more about treating narcolepsy.
National Congenital Anomaly and Rare Diseases Registration Service
If you or your child has narcolepsy, your clinical team will pass information about you or your child on to the National Congenital Anomaly and Rare Diseases Registration Service (NCARDRS).
The NCARDRS helps scientists look for better ways to prevent and treat narcolepsy. You can opt out of the register at any time. Breeding blops mac os.
Narcolepsy and driving
If you're diagnosed with narcolepsy, it may affect your ability to drive.
Stop driving immediately and inform the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA).
You'll need to complete a medical questionnaire so your individual circumstances can be assessed.
You'll usually be allowed to drive again if your narcolepsy is well controlled and you have regular reviews to assess your condition.
GOV.UK has more information about narcolepsy and driving.
The Narcolepsy UK website also has more on driving and narcolepsy.
Page last reviewed: 13 May 2019
Next review due: 13 May 2022
